致伤因素及其对目标综合效应的估算方法

本文综述了致伤因素对目标的致伤效果,取决于击中的部位和释放能量的多少,且随着击中部位和因素的改变而不同。指出各因素对目标的致伤作用既有相互影响又有其独立性。并给出了致伤因素对目标综合效应的估算公式。     

Resale price maintenance contracts with retailer sales effort: Effect of flexibility and competition

In Resale Price Maintenance (RPM) contracts, the manufacturer specifies the resale price that retailers must charge to consumers. We study the role of using a RPM contract in a market where demand is influenced by retailer sales effort. First, it is well known that RPM alone does not provide incentive for the retailer to use adequate sales effort and some form of quantity fixing may be needed to achieve channel coordination. However, when the market potential of the product is uncertain, RPM with quantity fixing is a rigid contract form. We propose and study a variety of RPM contracts with quantity fixing that offer different forms of flexibility including pricing flexibility and quantity flexibility. Second, we address a long‐time debate in both academia and practice on whether RPM is anti‐competitive in a market when two retailers compete on both price and sales effort. We show that depending on the relative intensity of price competition and sales effort competition, RPM may lead to higher or lower retail prices compared to a two‐part tariff contract, which specifies a wholesale price and a fixed fee. Further, the impact of RPM on price competition and sales effort competition is always opposite to each other. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2006     

应变率和绝热软化对空腔膨胀影响的数值模拟

采用数值模拟的方法研究金属材料球形空腔膨胀的空腔面径向应力与膨胀速度关系.理想弹塑性模型和幂次硬化模型的模拟结果与理论解吻合得非常好,验证了该方法的有效性.在此基础上研究了应变率和绝热软化效应对空腔面径向力和膨胀速度的影响.结果表明,综合考虑应变率和热效应的侵深预测结果与试验值吻合得很好,只考虑应变率而不计热效应会高估...     

高速水下射弹空泡形态及其CFD分析

射弹在水下空泡形态高速运动,实验研究存在很多限制。本文应用两种方法对高速水下射弹的空泡形态及阻力性质进行了研究,一是应用CFD仿真模拟软件,二是应用基于空泡截面独立扩张原理所建立的公式。研究表明：仿真计算结果与公式计算结果吻合很好;随着空化数的减小,空泡的相对长度、相对直径和长细比都在增大;在小空化数下,空泡前部形态基本不变,阻力系数主要为压差阻力系数,其值基本不变。研究结果为射弹的外形设计提供参考。     

大口径火炮制退机内腔压力测试技术

从火炮反后座装置的特殊结构及测试技术两方面详细分析、总结了我国几种大口径火炮在内腔压力测试时出现不正常现象的原因,并从传感器的机械度、传感器的封装技术、传感器的绝热处理、传感器的频响和排气工装等几个方面改进内腔压力测试的技术工艺方法,并用改进后的方法对155-2型火炮的内腔压力进行了试验,结果表明其工艺方法可准确地测试出内腔压力曲线,从而解决了多年来火炮后座阻力测试技术中存在的关键问题。     

基于BP神经网络的机载航炮故障诊断方法

机载航炮是战斗机的一个重要作战武器,其工作情况的好坏直接影响到战机的攻击和自卫能力,因此,对机载航炮的故障诊断受到航空兵部队普遍关注。通过对机载航炮大量故障现象、故障原因、故障样本的收集、分析和整理,利用BP神经网络建立了机载航炮智能诊断模型。该网络采用了三层结构、17个输入量、10个输出量的故障诊断系统,较完善地反映了机载航炮的故障类型。经故障诊断实例检验,该系统诊断结果正确,有良好的实用价值。     

Opportunistic retooling of a flexible machine subject to failure

A set of jobs can be processed without interruption by a flexible machine only if the set of tools required by all jobs can be loaded in the tool magazine. However, in practice the total number of tools required by a job set would exceed the tool magazine capacity. In such situations, the job set has to be carefully partitioned at the start of the production run such that each partition can be processed without interruption. During the production run, if there are unscheduled machine downtimes due to machine failure, this provides an additional opportunity to optimally retool the magazine for a smaller job set consisting of just the unprocessed jobs. In this paper, we study job sequencing rules that allow us to minimize the total expected cost of machine down time due to machine failures and magazine retooling, assuming a dynamic re‐sequencing of the unprocessed jobs after each machine failure. Using these rules, we develop a branch‐and‐bound heuristic that allows us to solve problems of reasonable size. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 48: 79–97, 2001     

Stochastic production capacity: A bane or a boon for quick response supply chains?

The quick response (QR) system that can cope with demand volatility by shortening lead time has been well studied in the literature. Much of the existing literature assumes implicitly or explicitly that the manufacturers under QR can always meet the demand because the production capacity is always sufficient. However, when the order comes with a short lead time under QR, availability of the manufacturer's production capacity is not guaranteed. This motivates us to explore QR in supply chains with stochastic production capacity. Specifically, we study QR in a two-echelon supply chain with Bayesian demand information updating. We consider the situation where the manufacturer's production capacity under QR is uncertain. We first explore how stochastic production capacity affects supply chain decisions and QR implementation. We then incorporate the manufacturer's ability to expand capacity into the model. We explore how the manufacturer determines the optimal capacity expansion decision, and the value of such an ability to the supply chain and its agents. Finally, we extend the model to the two-stage two-ordering case and derive the optimal ordering policy by dynamic programming. We compare the single-ordering and two-ordering cases to generate additional managerial insights about how ordering flexibility affects QR when production capacity is stochastic. We also explore the transparent supply chain and find that our main results still hold.     

目次

为改善等离子体合成射流激励器在稀薄空气环境中的控制效果,增强其临近空间环境适应性,开展了腔体增压条件下激励器工作特性的研究。建立了腔体增压效果理论分析模型,计算结果表明:采用高压气源供气可以较好地提升激励器腔体气压,并且腔体气压对高压气源气压具有较好的跟随性,从而为射流强度调节提供了一种新的方式。搭建了腔体增压等离子体合成射流激励器实验系统,开展了腔体增压压力和射流流场特性测量,实验测量结果与计算结果吻合良好,误差小于2.6%。高速纹影观测显示:在腔体增压作用下,激励器控制力得到显著改善,射流锋面峰值速度由256 m/s提升至507 m/s。     

含内聚空洞固体发动机药柱的寿命预估

为了对含内聚空洞固体导弹发动机的贮存寿命进行预估,采用加速老化试验,得到该推进剂最大延伸率随贮存时间的变化规律;应用三维粘弹性有限元分析方法,对含内聚空洞的发动机贮存一定时间后直接点火发射过程进行数值仿真,从中获得发动机药柱在点火增压和轴向过载联合作用下的最大Von Mises应变.将不同贮存期药柱的最大Von Mises应变值与推进剂的最大延伸率进行对比,利用结构完整性评估准则,给出了某发动机药柱不同贮存期间内聚空洞大小的允许值.该方法可为含内聚空洞固体发动机的判废提供定量参考.